Investigating the Structural and Practical Barriers to the Realization of Citizenship (Case Study: Turkish and Kurdish Ethnicities of West Azerbaijan Province)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural and functional barriers to the implementation of citizenship rights in West Azerbaijan Province. The present study mainly uses the theories of Marshall, Faulks, Parsons, Giddens, and Castells. This research is a descriptive survey which was carried out by cluster sampling and a researcher-made questionnaire on 384 citizens of West Azarbaijan province. To test the hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, multiple regression analysis was used. The reliability of the questionnaire was based on Cronbachchr('39')s alpha (weakness in 0.826 citizenship enforcement) and construct validity and factor analysis technique were used for validity. Analysis of the survey data showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between discrimination, incomplete socialization, kinship, manorialism, underdeveloped civil society, and weak and proper governance and weakness in the implementation of citizenship rights. The weaknesses in the implementation of citizenship rights are not different among the respondents based on their ethnicity. The results of concurrent regression show that 22.7% of the variance of the weaknesses in the implementation of citizenship rights is explained and predicted by independent variables. . .